AFRICAN ELECTIONS DATABASE

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Chronology of National Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa
(1 January 1990-31 December 1999)
 

1990

4 March/11 March: Comoros - Presidential
23 March: Zimbabwe: Presidential & House of Assembly
8 July: Chad - National Assembly
22 August: São Tomé and Príncipe - Constitutional Referendum
16 September/21 October/28 October: Gabon - National Assembly
28 October: Côte d'Ivoire - Presidential
28 October: Tanzania - Presidential & National Assembly
25 November: Côte d'Ivoire - National Assembly
2 December: Benin - Constitutional Referendum
23 December: Guinea - Constitutional Referendum
 

1991

13 January: Cape Verde - National Assembly
20 January: São Tomé and Príncipe - National People’s Assembly
17 February: Benin - National Assembly
9 February: Burundi - Referendum
17 February: Cape Verde - Presidential
3 March: São Tomé and Príncipe - Presidential
10 March/24 March: Benin - Presidential
2 June: Burkina Faso - Constitutional Referendum
12 July: Mauritania - Constitutional Referendum
23 August/26 August/28 August/30 August: Sierra Leone - Constitutional Referendum
15 September: Mauritius - Legislative Assembly
31 October: Zambia - Presidential & National Assembly
16 November: Equatorial Guinea - Constitutional Referendum
1 December: Burkina Faso - Presidential
 

1992 

12 January: Mali - Constitutional Referendum
24 January: Mauritania - Presidential
9 March: Burundi - Constitutional Referendum
1 March: Cameroon - National Assembly
6 March/13 March: Mauritania - National Assembly
15 March: Congo-Brazzaville - Constitutional Referendum
17 March: South Africa - Referendum
23 February/08 March: Mali - National Assembly
12 April/26 April: Mali - Presidential
28 April: Ghana - Constitutional Referendum
29 April: The Gambia - Presidential & House of Representatives
24 May: Burkina Faso - Assembly of People's Deputies
7 June: Comoros - Constitutional Referendum
24 June/19 July: Congo-Brazzaville - National Assembly
26-27 June: Malawi - National Assembly
4 July: Nigeria - National Assembly (Senate & House of Representatives)
23-26 July: Seychelles - Constitutional Commission
8 August/16 August: Congo-Brazzaville - Presidential
19 August: Madagascar - Constitutional Referendum
4 September: Djibouti - Constitutional Referendum
27 September: Togo - Constitutional Referendum
29-30 September: Angola - Presidential & National Assembly
11 October: Cameroon - Presidential
25 October: Central African Republic - Presidential & National Assembly
November/December: Comoros - Federal Assembly
25 November 1992/10 February 1993: Madagascar - Presidential
3 November: Ghana - Presidential
15 November: Seychelles - Constitutional Referendum
18 December: Djibouti - National Assembly
26 December: Niger - Constitutional Referendum
29 December: Ghana - Parliamentary
29 December: Kenya - Presidential & National Assembly
 

1993

14 February: Niger - National Assembly
21 February: Senegal - Presidential
27 February/27 March: Niger - Presidential
27 March: Lesotho - National Assembly
25 April: Eritrea - Independence Referendum
2 May/6 June: Congo-Brazzaville - National Assembly
7 May: Djibouti - Presidential
9 May: Senegal - National Assembly
1 June: Burundi - Presidential
12 June: Nigeria - Presidential
14 June: Malawi - Referendum
16 June: Madagascar - National Assembly
18 June: Seychelles - Constitutional Referendum
29 June: Burundi - National Assembly
20-23 July: Seychelles - Presidential & People’s Assembly
22 August/19 September: Central African Republic - Presidential & National Assembly
25 August: Togo - Presidential
September/October: Swaziland - House of Assembly
21 November: Equatorial Guinea - House of People’s Representatives
5 December: Gabon - Presidential
12-20 December: Comoros - Federal Assembly
19 December: Guinea - Presidential
 

1994

6 February/20 February: Togo - National Assembly
28 March: Uganda - Constituent Assembly
26-29 April: South Africa - National Assembly
17 May: Malawi - Presidential & National Assembly
5 June: Ethiopia - Constituent Assembly
3 July: Guinea-Bissau - National People’s Assembly
3 July/7 August: Guinea-Bissau - Presidential
2 October: São Tomé and Príncipe - National Assembly
15 October: Botswana - National Assembly
27-29 October: Mozambique - Presidential & Assembly of the Republic
7-8 December: Namibia - Presidential & National Assembly
28 December: Central African Republic - Constitutional Referendum
 

1995 

12 January: Niger - National Assembly
28 March: Benin - National Assembly
8-9 April: Zimbabwe - House of Assembly
7 May/18 June/28 June: Ethiopia - House of People’s Representatives
11 June: Guinea - National Assembly
23 July: Gabon - Referendum
17 September: Madagascar - Referendum
22 October: Côte d'Ivoire - Presidential
29 October/19 November: Tanzania - Presidential & National Assembly
17 December: Cape Verde - National Assembly
20 December: Mauritius - National Assembly
 

1996

18 February: Cape Verde - Presidential
25 February: Equatorial Guinea - Presidential
26-27 February: Sierra Leone - House of Representatives
26-27 February/15 March: Sierra Leone - Presidential
3 March/18 March: Benin - Presidential
6 March/16 March: Comoros - Presidential
6-17 March 1996: Sudan - Presidential
6-17 March 1996: Sudan - National Assembly
16-17 March: Zimbabwe - Presidential
31 March: Chad - Constitutional Referendum
9 May: Uganda - Presidential
2 June/03 July: Chad - Presidential
27 June: Uganda - Parliamentary
30 June/21 July: São Tomé and Príncipe - Presidential
7-08 July: Niger - Presidential
8 August: The Gambia - Constitutional Referendum
26 September: The Gambia - Presidential
11 October/18 October: Mauritania - National Assembly
20 October: Comoros - Constitutional Referendum
3 November/29 December: Madagascar - Presidential
18 November: Zambia - Presidential & National Assembly
23 November: Niger - National Assembly
25 November: Côte d'Ivoire - National Assembly
1 December/08 December: Comoros - Federal Assembly
7 December: Ghana - Presidential & Parliamentary
15 December/29 December: Gabon - National Assembly
 

1997

2 January: The Gambia - National Assembly
5 January/23 February: Chad - National Assembly
13 April: Mali - National Assembly
11 May: Burkina Faso - National Assembly
11 May: Mali - Presidential
17 May: Cameroon - National Assembly
19 July: Liberia - Presidential & Legislative (Senate & House of Representatives)
30 July/03 August: Mali - National Assembly
4 October: Botswana - Referendum
12 October: Cameroon - Presidential
12 December: Mauritania - Presidential
19 December: Djibouti - National Assembly
29 December: Kenya - Presidential & National Assembly
 

1998 

15 March: Madagascar - Referendum
20-22 March: Seychelles - Presidential & National Assembly
25 April: Nigeria - National Assembly (Senate & House of Representatives)
17 May: Madagascar - National Assembly
24 May: Lesotho - National Assembly
24 May: Senegal - National Assembly
21 June: Togo - Presidential
19 September/24 October: Swaziland - House of Assembly
8 November: São Tomé and Príncipe - National Assembly
15 November: Burkina Faso - Presidential
22 November/13 December: Central African Republic - National Assembly
12 December: Gabon - Presidential
14 December: Guinea - Presidential
 

1999

20 February: Nigeria - National Assembly (Senate & House of Representatives)
27 February: Nigeria - Presidential
7 March: Equatorial Guinea - House of People’s Representatives
21 March: Togo - National Assembly
30 March: Benin - National Assembly
9 April: Djibouti - Presidential
2 June: South Africa - National Assembly
15 June: Malawi - Presidential & National Assembly
18 July: Niger - Constitutional Referendum
19 September: Central African Republic - Presidential
16 October: Botswana - National Assembly
17 October/24 November: Niger - Presidential
24 November: Niger - National Assembly
28 November: Guinea-Bissau - National People’s Assembly
28 November/16 January 2000: Guinea-Bissau - Presidential
30 November-1 December: Namibia - Presidential & National Assembly
3-5 December: Mozambique - Presidential & Assembly of the Republic