AFRICAN ELECTIONS DATABASE

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Elections in Zambia
 
Political Profile
Political System: Democracy
President: Levy P. Mwanawasa (MMD) [since 02 January 2002; elected 2001, re-elected 2006] The President is elected by direct popular vote for a 5-year term. Electoral System: First Past The Post.
National Assembly [unicameral] (158 Seats) 150 members are elected by direct popular vote in single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post system, 8 members are appointed by the President; Members serve 5-year terms.
Political Situation since Independence
1964-1972 Emerging Democracy
1972-1990 One Party State (UNIP)
1990-1991 Multiparty Transition
1991-1996 Democracy
1996-2006 Emerging Democracy
2006-        Democracy
2007 Freedom House Rating: Political Rights - 3, Civil Liberties - 4, Status: Partly Free
Next Scheduled Presidential Election: 2011
Next Scheduled National Council Election: 2011
Political Parties: ANC - African National Congress, APC - All People's Congress, AZ - Agenda for Zambia, FDD - Forum for Democracy and Development, HP - Heritage Party, MDP - Movement for Democratic Process, MMD - Movement for Multiparty Democracy (centrist, social-democratic), NCC - National Citizens' Coalition, NDF - National Democratic Focus, NLD - National Leadership for Development, NP - National Party, NPP - National Progressive Party, PF - Patriotic Front, SDP - Social Democratic Party, UFP - United Federal Party, ULP - United Liberal Party, UNIP - United National Independence Party (far-left), UPND - United Party for National Development (liberal), ZDC - Zambian Democratic Congress, ZRP - Zambian Republican Party.
Coalitions: United Democratic Alliance (UDA) [Contested the 2006 Presidential and National Assembly Elections] Member parties include the United Party for National Development (UPND), United National Independence Party (UNIP), and the Forum for Democracy and Development (FDD).
 
Election Results
 
 
Presidential
--Multiparty: 1968, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006
--Single Party: 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988
Legislative
--Multiparty: 1964, 1968, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006
--Single Party: 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988
Referendum: 1969
 
 
January 1964 Legislative Council Election*

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

Party

  Number of Seats (75)**

United National Independence Party (UNIP)

55

African National Congress (ANC)

10

National Progressive Party (NPP)***

10

*Following the election, Kenneth Kaunda of the United National Independence Party (UNIP) was named Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia. He remained in that position until independence on 24 October 1964, when he became the first President of Zambia.
**Seat Distribution – 65 for blacks, 10 reserved for whites
***The National Progressive Party (NPP) was for whites only.
 
19 December 1968 Presidential Election

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

Kenneth Kaunda of the United National Independence Party (UNIP) was re-elected unopposed. No figures are available.
 
19 December 1968 National Assembly Election

Registered Voters

1,166,637

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

   962,150 (82.5%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     63,490

Total Valid Votes

   898,660

Party

Number of Votes

% of Votes

Number of Seats (105)*

United National Independence Party (UNIP)

657,764

73.2%

81

African National Congress (ANC)

228,277

25.4%

23

Independents

12,619

1.4%

01

*105 members were directly elected; an additional 5 members were appointed by the President.
 
Main Points: Granting more power to the legislature

Registered Voters

1,587,966

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

1,103,352 (69.5%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     39,667

Total Valid Votes

1,063,685

Results

Number of Votes

% of Votes

"Yes" Votes

904,337

85.02%

"No" Votes

159,348

14.98%

 
Single Party Elections
Sole Legal Party: United National Independence Party (UNIP)

05 December 1973 Presidential Election (Kenneth Kaunda re-elected unopposed) 

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (39.4%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

Not Available

Total Valid Votes

654,360

"Yes" Votes

88.8%

"No" Votes

11.2%

05 December 1973 National Assembly Election (125 Seats)*

Registered Voters

1,746,107

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

   583,607 (33.4%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     56,355

Total Valid Votes

   527,252

UNIP

   527,252 (100.00%)

*125 members were directly elected; an additional 10 members were appointed by the President. In addition, the Speaker was chosen by the members of the Assembly themselves from among persons who were qualified to be elected as members of the Assembly but were not members of it.

12 December 1978 Presidential Election (Kenneth Kaunda re-elected unopposed)

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

"Yes" Votes

80.7%

"No" Votes

19.3%

12 December 1978 National Assembly Election (125 Seats)*

Registered Voters

2,000,000 (approx.)

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

UNIP

100.00%

*125 members were directly elected; an additional 10 members were appointed by the President. In addition, the Speaker was chosen by the members of the Assembly themselves from among persons who were qualified to be elected as members of the Assembly but were not members of it.

27 October 1983 Presidential Election (Kenneth Kaunda re-elected unopposed) 

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

"Yes" Votes*

95%

"No" Votes*

05%

*approximate figures; some sources give put the "yes" vote figure at around 93% and the "No" Vote at 7%.

27 October 1983 National Assembly Election (125 Seats)*

Registered Voters

2,400,000 (approx.)

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

UNIP

100.00%

*125 members were directly elected; an additional 10 members were appointed by the President. In addition, the Speaker was chosen by the members of the Assembly themselves from among persons who were qualified to be elected as members of the Assembly but were not members of it.

26 October 1988 Presidential Election (Kenneth Kaunda re-elected unopposed)

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

"Yes" Votes

95.5%

"No" Votes

04.5%

26 October 1988 National Assembly Election (125 Seats)*

Registered Voters

2,600,000 (approx.)

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

UNIP

100.00%

*125 members were directly elected; an additional 10 members were appointed by the President. In addition, the Speaker was chosen by the members of the Assembly themselves from among persons who were qualified to be elected as members of the Assembly but were not members of it.

 
31 October 1991 Presidential Election

Registered Voters

2,931,909

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (approx. 45%)

Candidate (Party)

% of Votes

Frederick Chiluba (MMD)

75.8%

Kenneth Kaunda (UNIP)

24.2%

 
31 October 1991 National Assembly Election

Registered Voters

Not Available

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

Party

Number of Seats (150)*

Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD)

125

United National Independence Party (UNIP)

25

*150 members were directly elected; an additional 8 members were appointed by the President.
 
18 November 1996 Presidential Election*

Registered Voters

2,267,382

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

1,325,053 (58.4%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     66,248

Total Valid Votes

1,258,805

Candidate (Party)

Number of Votes

% of Votes

Frederick Chiluba (MMD)

913,770

72.59%

Dean Mung'omba (ZDC)

160,439

12.74%

Humphrey Mulemba (NP)

83,875

6.66%

Akashambatwa Mbikusita Lewanika (AZ)

59,250

4.70%

Chama Chakomboka (MDP)

41,471

3.29%

*The main opposition United National Independence Party (UNIP) boycotted the election.
 
18 November 1996 National Assembly Election*

Registered Voters

2,267,382

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

Party

Number of Votes

% of Vote

Number of Seats (150)**

Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD)

737,062

60.1%

131

National Party (NP)

88,444

7.2%

05

Agenda for Zambia (AZ)

18,982

1.5%

02

Zambian Democratic Congress (ZDC)

172,446

14.1%

02

Independents

126,032

10.3%

10

Others

83,693

6.8%

-

*The main opposition United National Independence Party (UNIP) boycotted the election.
**150 members were directly elected; an additional 8 members were appointed by the President.
 
27 December 2001 Presidential Election

Registered Voters

2,604,761

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

1,766,356 (67.8%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     28,408

Total Valid Votes

1,737,948

Candidate (Party)

Number of Votes

% of Votes

Levy Mwanawasa (MMD)

506,694

29.15%

Anderson Mazoka (UPND)

472,697

27.20%

Christon Tembo (FDD)

228,861

13.17%

Tilyenji Kaunda (UNIP)

175,898

10.12%

Godfrey Miyanda (HP)

140,678

8.09%

Benjamin Mwila (ZRP)

85,472

4.92%

Michael Sata (PF)

59,172

3.40%

Nevers Mumba (NCC)

38,860

2.24%

Gwendoline Konie (SDP)

10,253

0.59%

Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika (AZ)

9,882

0.57%

Yobert Shamapande (NLD)

9,481

0.55%

 
27 December 2001 National Assembly Election

Registered Voters

2,604,761

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

1,785,485 (68.5%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     34,133

Total Valid Votes

1,751,352

Party

Number of Votes

% of Vote

Number of Seats (150)*

Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD)

490,680

28.02%

69

United Party for National Development (UPND)

416,236

23.77%

49

Forum for Democracy and Development (FDD)

272,817

15.58%

12

United National Independence Party (UNIP)

185,535

10.59%

13

Heritage Party (HP)

132,311

7.55%

04

Zambian Republican Party (ZRP)

97,010

5.54%

01

Patriotic Front (PF)

49,362

2.82%

01

National Citizens' Coalition (NCC)

35,632

2.03%

-

Others

12,434

0.71%

-

Independents

59,335

3.39%

01

*150 members were directly elected; an additional 8 members were appointed by the President.
 
28 September 2006 Presidential Election

Registered Voters

3,941,229

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

2,789,114 (70.8%)

Invalid/Blank Votes

     48,936

Total Valid Votes

2,740,178

Candidate (Party) [Coalition]

Number of Votes

% of Votes

Levy Mwanawasa (MMD)

1,177,846

42.98%

Michael Sata (PF)

804,748

29.37%

Hakainde Hichilema (UPND) [UDA]

693,772

25.32%

Godfrey Miyanda (HP)

42,891

1.57%

Winright Ngondo (APC)

20,921

0.76%

 
28 September 2006 National Assembly Election

Registered Voters

3,941,229

Total Votes (Voter Turnout)

Not Available (N/A)

Party/[Coalition]

Number of Seats (150)*

Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD)

72

Patriotic Front (PF)

44

United Democratic Alliance [UDA]

27

United Liberal Party (ULP)

02

National Democratic Focus (NDF)

01

Independents

02

Vacant**

02

*150 members are directly elected; an additional 8 members are appointed by the President.
**By-elections were held on 26 October 2006 for the two vacant seats. The Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) won both seats, raising its total to 74.